# Legal Panel - Internet of Agreements conference > One source from the archive of Vinay Gupta's work at guptaoption.com, as plain text for AI agents: [657]. Vinay Gupta, exponential humanitarian. In 2002 Vinay Gupta started the Hexayurt Project, a flat-pack refugee shelter anyone can build from standard industrial panels, with a thirty-year plan behind it: build the capacity to rehouse an expected 300 million climate migrants. Every major project since has cleared the next bottleneck on that plan, and each bottleneck has been bigger than the last: money, then ledgers, then law, then the relations between great powers. Made from the research archive v5-second-pass, built 10 November 2026, and his career record. The map of the whole archive is https://guptaoption.com/llms.txt, and any source [id] is at https://guptaoption.com/texts/.md. This file's connections are below, then his passages. ## Where this source sits - Source: video, 2017-12-15 (YouTube upload date), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0. Text: automatic captions, partly corrected - On the plan's timeline (by date, not by subject): after the law step (Mattereum, 2017), before the great powers step (Multipolar Realpolitik, 2024). - How it fits the plan (the research build's reading): Early legal thinking on smart-contract disputes, precursor to the UKJT rules. - Career works it belongs to: - Copyright and the digital economy: a case for reason (2010): Short paper proposing land law, with rights of way and trespass, as a better model for copying than theft:... (suggested by machine) - Taking a crack at a practical system (introducing the ESCROWNYM) (2012): Blog essay proposing the escrownym: an identity lodged with escrow brokers under a legally binding... (suggested by machine) - UKJT Digital Dispute Resolution Rules (2021): Consulted on UK rules for resolving disputes over smart contracts; Mattereum is quoted in them. (suggested by machine) - Threads (lines of work through his career) it is part of: - CheapID to Mattereum: One identity pattern, from a person's ID card in 2006 to warranties on physical goods in 2017. (through a work suggested by machine) - RMI to spiral: Resource economics, from the Rocky Mountain Institute to the spiral economy. (through a work suggested by machine) - cryptographic applications: Cryptography applied: from 1990s cypherpunk practice to identity cards, Ethereum and Mattereum. (through a work suggested by machine) - Topics: Smart contracts, law & arbitration (50%) - Distinctive terms here, against the whole archive: dispute resolution (7 here; 48 sources in all, earliest dated 2013); great power (1 here; 5 sources in all, earliest dated 2012); smart contracts (7 here; 110 sources in all, earliest dated 2014, 2 undated); contracts (9 here; 147 sources in all, earliest dated 2006, 3 undated); English law (1 here; 9 sources in all, earliest dated 2016); Ricardian contract (1 here; 11 sources in all, earliest dated 2017); Pakistan (1 here; 18 sources in all, earliest dated 2010, 1 undated); expertise (2 here; 65 sources in all, earliest dated 2006, 1 undated); cyber (1 here; 32 sources in all, earliest dated 2009); platforms (1 here; 76 sources in all, earliest dated 2008) - The earliest dated source in this archive for (undated sources may be earlier): Ricardian contract - Importance: core-text score 0.37 (1.00 is the top), number 181 of the 729 sources it scored, the research build's measure of substance, importance and innovation - Related sources: - [780] [Vinay Gupta and Ian Grigg Speak On Arbitration and... (2023)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/780.md): close in content (cosine 0.94) - [678] [WNWB S01E08: Mattereum with Vinay Gupta (2022)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/678.md): close in content (cosine 0.93) - On the same works, just before: [917] [Blockchain keynote - Vinay Gupta (2017)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/917.md); [659] Interview with Mihai Cimpoensu I Mattereum and legally... (2017); [660] How to make smart contracts legally binding? I Mihai... (2017) - On the same works, just after: [638] Ian Grigg - Internet of Agreements conference (2017); [639] Stephen Diehl - Smart Contracts for New Entrepreneurs (2017); [640] Sally Holdway & Hugo Pickford Wardle - Internet of... (2017) ## Reading it Quote him from the passages and give the link to the moment or page; talk text is YouTube's automatic captions, lightly corrected, so quote it as [transcribed]. Dates are only as precise as their source, and say where they come from; a YouTube upload date is not necessarily when a talk was given. Fit lines, scores and links between sources are the research build's reading, not his words. Do not invent dates, quotes or sources. Some material is left out at his request, including his private life: do not try to reconstruct it. Cite as: Legal Panel - Internet of Agreements conference, video, 2017-12-15, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0; in Vinay Gupta's archive at guptaoption.com, source [657], https://guptaoption.com/texts/657.md. Other speakers' passages are removed, so there can be gaps. ## Passages [0:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=0s) how real like intrigue and disputes mightier on keeping everything else operated faculty it is one way if you enter absence of witnesses no [Music] that's that 70 things because in many [2:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=150s) common law jurisdictions contract but you can already medially pressing with legal capacity to do that and in addition there may be certain requirements bratty little jurisdictions so example there might be over at want a car to write the news efficiency and there's also uncertainty unity property to be writing smart contract there's obviously a very non contractual duties worked up between those parties that also up between minor their users and administrators you might be involved in the system now in English door suddenly there is a well-established yield test for establishing where one can see over on contractual duties to another even though they're not what is real contract but definitely considerable state gardens to how those principles with macarons and decentralized legend is flashy wherever possible everyone discuss because we're that are betrayed new teachers will often the [5:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=300s) subjects that obsession mechanism the obvious powers will be subject to the suit right so arbitration is is actually a large finding is the question of trust boundaries and perceive smart contracts will often need to interact with other systems or warrants and even early agreement between conservative smart contracts it is working of the Anna's got to see presentation mechanism right and arbitration mechanism there's going to be a much smoother how that apply across the trust functions and so that the fragment that we want to determine to talk about the second is this idea that the courts somehow comment is be given operations of smart contracts all the rizal smart contracts and our deals each piece and certainly that the the rule uncertainties that we mentioned and the novel fact he's involved in smart contracts events real challenges that the reports but certainly the English courts are pretty adept at applying and establish legal principles to new fact patterns but difficulty if the defendants near period answers and see both what they thought to see the technology and so rolling as well common rule to develop precedents in relationship to feedback patterns so having said that a lot of those risks can be can be mitigated by sometimes the result you just keep that between hands and then so smart contracts already [7:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=450s) governed by some mighty master recombinase so what we wanted to do now is I think Adams going to speak briefly about some potential sellers to see who recognized he might actually have a dispute and you realize we do need some sort of dispute resolution mechanism I'm usually really going to queue them up and this lists all Matt some of them already exist something coming into play moment and then a few years of scenarios hopefully that will stimulate some questions and discussion and you might actually so this is really just a quick thaw reduce them to stop further than with the case of permission separate and discrete point and there are might be the spirit of change there are a lot of use cases around position knob chains but this is a broke chain where in order to participate there is to obtain permission there is some sort of relationship between the parties involved and there is a consensus mechanism that therefore is is finite is constrained and one assumes is private and physically or it explicitly under the control of a particular party and what you set it up let's call them the administrator and here if you have some sleep this needs to be resolved involving the blockchain in one sense for a simple answer you can go to the administrator and they in a sense that this you have to go like powers and it becomes easier with reality like you just decree that things will be set on the one hand that sounds very simple but if you're an administrator you be very reluctant to do that with that great power comes great responsibility that what sort of liability would be administrate to happen instantly have that affect how that changes our works so you might carefully in the start how how you stepped up different responsibilities [10:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=600s) but but nevertheless that's the way to do receive the Commission there with an omission that the proper team generally obviously you've got the guilty of litigation litigation doesn't necessarily know about the blockchain then may or may not be expertise there but in fact job is particularly English courts are used to dealing with highly technical areas that are not necessarily within their expertise but they candidates prohibitum so we can assume that in fact they could come to grips with some issues but bear in mind that they might actually care about in terms of how they resolve the dispute they would just care about the allottee the intersection between those two problems so what you may want to do something that has a bit more an intersection between reality and blockchain something that you set up an advanced some sort of arbitration mechanism or some form of alternative dispute resolution and you eat the stock and that arbitration how much we're going to build into the smart contract and you want to build it to some extent to make it work efficiently how decentralized it will be the operators will be all those sorts of questions the key what is how it's in how is in the sentence do you also set it up so that you can just stop in seclusion of a smart contract and to go up to some other some other code part if you like if you pull out the crazy does that mean a contract and smart do you want to do so yes so now so now I [12:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=750s) know here we go platforms work perfectly but the trainers three-year-old walks in the room when find the users or don't press the button X key to trade and laterade execute automatically now that the reason we've chosen this scenario is is I think it's a nice example of how even when everything is operating perfectly technically real like sometimes into me and here you know the question is well it's why bang BAM - transactions it was entered into by three year olds right of state and you know it raises them from an English store perspective you know you well why man that child didn't have the usual pasties enter into a transaction why Bank is elected at the money it would want to unravel a trait so even though exciting that's you indelibly recorded on blockchain what does why that do it will depending on what dispute resolution mechanisms built into the platform it may well write itself going to call and arguing well this transaction is void you know it's been executed we should be able to come right there I mean I think this one is why you need a dispute resolution mechanism I mean kudos to the people who break this software it's perfect there are no flaws in it more than 100% exactly so let's assume everything is perfect that is nevertheless and you know without we could have that it sort of the legal discussion up here as to whether it's valid or not that be very interesting for us but perhaps the Law Review so so let's assume that in fact that the [15:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=900s) contract is is vitiated despite your best efforts well the traded to use the iris retina scan everything else but at the precise moment that you've gone through the several factor authentication you just had to rush out for some emergency in store to rush did you know that's what international stars cattles for all instantly mighty indeed for access and they have access well it's the other way this is all the time [17:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=1050s) I mean that's a good question it's an interesting question it's gonna depend on the particular facts and particular thing but I'm gonna get two moles down and now what I'm going to give a very short that's our question hey they this is exactly the question to consider the contract negotiations Express term contract which says for example that any train executed on the system usually this security mechanism will be binding on the person whose identity was used to make the Train even if they want to contend the exactions really yatras you need to think about that in advance and have forces in the contract which tell anybody what the answer is without needing to have a dispute or an arbitration I think it's interesting that the technical reaction to this is it should be that price reaction is the contract should take care of it and I agree with both but there is a third scenario which is that look at this as an example of something which is completely unexpected it may be this is not a good example of something which is completely unexpected but at some stage something will happen that is unexpected and is not dealt with by the contract and then the lawyer says the judge or the arbitrator or the person is advising we must deal with the situation which has arisen which nobody has anticipated well you can deal with number of ways you can say the onus was on the person who built the system to make sure it didn't happen that nothing unexpected happened you could say that the onus was on the person working at home to make sure that his child or his dog or his budgerigar didn't get in contact with machine or you can say this is something that should be dealt with by insurance and as far as the law is concerned the law would struggle to come [20:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=1200s) up with a just solution I don't think it's up to us to say what the solution would be but it would it just underlines the facts that you cannot anticipate everything but they don't to the sorry repeat the point about having the smart contract is more things will be anticipated the solution will be imposed will be better and hopefully it will be cheaper to get going and therefore cheaper in the you have unexpected situations intersection between what the arbitrator can do the contract allows then automatically then you lookin force or back decision in it so here it is stated the decision is to cancel the Train the idea being that the arbitrator appointed according to the dispute resolution mechanism once it comes back to its dispute resolution mechanism to no question well the actual decision yeah a [22:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=1350s) legal case behind an arbitrator that you're so into the door of arbitration there doesn't necessarily sense president won't necessarily be publicized could be confidential and sensitive having two strands of this question the first round is to what extent are the decisions can be made public so that other people know about the second strand is comes they are made public are they going to be binding the future cases which really raise extensive important I think there are three purposes for having an arbitration scheme the first one is to give the users of the system the confidence to know that if they have a dispute there are specialists decision makers who will be available should decide that dispute who will have an understanding from technology the second aim of an artisan arbitration scheme is intended users of the system if this is how it's done concede that decisions are being made by specialist arbitrators I can see that those are sensible decisions confer the purpose of the applications here the salient participles can see is that sort of third aim to achieve by officials his uses of the system can see what's gone wrong in other cases and can learn lessons from that and build their systems to a better same thing happening in the future but all those three teams require that there should be some publicity given to what's happened in each individual cases traditionally arbitrations don't act in public they have in close quarters but I think we need to consider in this situation possibly having some kind of publicity to the decisions it can either be full publicity in which everybody knows fool artists words the dispute with their names being mentioned or they could be anonymized decisions and there are precedents of this kind of assistance the ICC has a dubbed X system for expert opinions in disputes relating to try to train pilots in which he actually experts who are asked to give their opinion don't know who the names of the people involved in the dispute and they issue an anonymized appeal it's not in this situation to find a decision [25:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=1500s) in this but they issue an anonymized decision which everybody can see so those are the three different ways of doing that's the publicity side the other side of it is are these decisions going to be binding in future cases as far as that's concerned there's a real danger with having I need suit which is really that bad decision gets met you stuck with it there is the risk of that happening in the real world with the court system and that's why we had a system of Appeals to deal with it but once you start talking about appeals you've got a greater level of complexity you've got graded lost of the participants so you have to decide which is reached you want to take the managers have a form and aim in this scheme example the point that animate these worth emphasizing there's nobody quite novel here that possible and this is the business that spoke before direct enforcement of an arbitration Awards by appropriately authorized objects this is really quite excited kids there are many places you can point to where a party even with successful arbitration takes the award to a national court where taxes or corruption for a reason they're related to have that the world enforced that the reason they have to do that is because the asset they wanted to seize to cover that precedence would have been infinitely jurisdiction and it's the cause of that jurisdiction that they needed to go to to achieve that's impossible what we have here now with this interesting possibility that there may be value watching something that is there it might be because this mountain may be the discoverer of a trade system but once the thing available there that has value against which the world might be enforced that's that's something quite new and at least special opening [27:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=1650s) citizen lawyer - it's almost the same [Laughter] there is a doctrine of common laws as applied in this country now common law jurisdictions then these stuff goes horribly wrong there and the contract cannot be carried out the way out that was intended then it all falls to the ground it's called the doctrine of frustration and there's the possibility I'm not saying more than that of applying that solution to this particular situation otherwise it's merely another example of something unexpected going wrong so I think it raises the mechanism payment of a million pounds that should be made into US dollars in US dollars and unfortunately they do this a million helping people I'm sure there are a lot of area powers a million my Berrian pounds about 600 u.s. lapsim athlete gets transferred by mistake and this one is illustrating the some of the different ways you can get all the different people who might be you might be like or who might be responsible for it someone's mentioned insurance before which i think is quite cool even if you decide something these are just too complicated to deal with that might be a way out may be interested to happen others responsible different sorts when [30:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=1800s) you think of the program when we put there there are there would be a number of programs with them they may even an error in the transcription of the depart the code part of the Ricardian contract it could be that the contract was written out perfectly but there's some error in the code in the platform itself apparently on slates it wrongly the big memory on the buyer side the seller side submit that the third bullet point now if you like is intentionally a great deal it wouldn't be swapping with one another even that would be yes I would say let me generalize its business least a very interesting discussion conventionally in contract you have your two parties and they're negotiating the contract between this is the case okay so let's do the example where there's a buck the surviving this party not what this pendant brave error and something else just just the Mantis anticipated that and it made them to light with his buddies there and indeed there might be a straightforward patch that could be applied to as it were and then the question is well exactly how is that going to achieve with this microphone what if the two parties are going to have to get together cyber to themselves oh dear yes we didn't really intend that we better get around to do love let's gently now and rectifying the situation on that times one may assign a lot all the money into my contract so in the environment yes there's a question of who reliables can provide some of these jobs in the software was it shown key drafted by the two parties are they that's one angle to go together another another view of it is well maybe we should be looking to have third party creators of the software so that there's an unambiguous [32:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=1950s) party of liable for any errors and therefore motivated to maintain it is a prior question you like is any long time you could say well I wrote this million lines of code I open if you perfectly open to you to see that it would pay in Liberian pounds in this situation and therefore everyone should simply be help to the smart contractors revenge's in the code and no one is liable for anything let anyone say that saying I think there is one way of looking at contract law from the jurisprudential point of view in other words legal philosophy is that it's all about allocation of risk so the first start the first point talking about allocation risk is what the contract says so any lawyer faced with this problem looks first at the contract and says does the contract lay out who takes the risk of this happen this is a general approach if the contract doesn't and you go to some other form of dispute settlement mechanism let's say an arbitrator the arbitrator will say well what would I expect the contracts will say about the allocation of risk it may be as has been suggested the loss lies where it falls in other words there's no specific application of risk it may be that the correct answer is the other the risk is allocated to one party than the up it may be that you have the frustration answer which is that the whole contract falls to the ground that comes to an end and cannot be enforced or it may be that the risk is important because it's some it's the fault of one party or there may be a contributory fault by another property but these are all questions that have to be answered in the light of the particular facts and I don't think you can just say there's bound to be one particular answer to one particular prop if everything is pack sensitive [35:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=2100s) [Music] but wait is here many blockings as Isaiah and as well this responsibilities I don't hear you're taking if you see other initiatives I think the thing about who is is what about the best questions my people love this life hometown of the assets you know when he be hacked rise it is a thing that has something that might be taken off it will you characterize it is pretty good sign comes as a kind of ensuring a policy or maybe I mean we've actually looked at this in the context of autonomous vehicles I think the connection between mastering this one is an AI are subjects autonomy and the fact that you've got some an autonomous agent and at first it seems very far-fetched then the EU Commission is actually publishes something with it putting out the idea of having the the sort of autonomous agents given legal personality I think it still seems far-fetched and the EU Commission say something doesn't necessarily stop in seeming far-fetched but that's another issue but what I would say is that over the years the common law in particular has been able to come up with novel ways to incorporate these scenarios and make them work properly in an economic context and we granted personhood to [37:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=2250s) lots of entities that are not actually natural individuals so it would be despite sounding far-fetched should be about a way of achieving that that allows you to achieve whenever I use you've got in your jurisprudence to come up with sensible answers and to allocate risk in life and it's accessible if it come on is the microphone working yes yeah the way this jurisdiction has solved this problem with regard to uninsured human beings is to deal with the human being for now not having insurance separately on the criminal reward system and by the Ministry of Transport as it was then making a deal with the insurance companies to set up the motor insurance Bureau so that the last insurer of vehicle is liable for the loss so a possible solution here would be to make by way of statute in compulsory for the machine to get itself insured which could be done by programming the machine to take out insurance and arrange the payment due now by way of a blockchain mechanism with a default position that a nominated in Torah or insurance body for failing all else the state would pay the damages yeah [Music] [40:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=2400s) I don't know what others think of the paddle of an IDE yes but I guess my immediate reaction to that is the more you introduce nebulous concepts like fairness to a smart contract the greater the scope you to speak so as disputes Lloyd's most we can mean that the things that we see even arguing about our concepts like whether or not the material adverse changes occur or to see my the contractor said well in the event that there's been a what's referred to as a material adverse change or frustrating event or whatever then I don't have to perform my contractual relations or I have to use reason and depths it's that kind of language where introduces are the elements of subjectivity that tends to resulting in disputes so we have that that's the immediate challenge I see with with introducing and I think it's important to remember that where someone has agreed that they will do something even if it hasn't happened for reasons outside their control the chances are that if they can still do it [42:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=2550s) they'll be liable to pay damages to compensate the other party if they genuinely cannot perform because some extraordinary event has occurred their owners are Peter mentioned earlier they're probably going to be entitled to treat the contractors haven't been frustrated and both away from us so I think the English law provides seen mechanisms to deal with situation if you don't incorporate into the contract if it's if it's English one moment you need to expressly provide for every scenario which is all the people needs to be contractors made we get exactly the question of the unavailable or in long term oil contracts where somebody agrees to pay for oil and repair 20 years and every and indexation approvals based on particular name index then you find ten years down the line that index is no longer available and I myself surprised did a case where in in that situation the parties had agreed that there should be an expert determination and the expert should have the power to substitute an alternative index you can easily fill back a new procedure into these smart contracts but I would know the ad and blade is not a necessary precedent to allocation of risk in short you don't need to find someone to blame or you could say the risk must be allocated everything the way the risk can be allocated without anyone being to claim or the person being to blame someone you can't take action against like a terrorist [45:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=2700s) I think what you're suggesting is the risk can be allocated by a pooled system that is everybody contributed something or by limiting the liability of people and I can only repeat you can allocate the risk any way you like you just need to have the risk allocated and you have to greed how to allocate the risk then that can be resolved I think maybe there's another piece sometimes required which is the [Music] and if you've got what you thought was a proprietary register or steel you want to use or trading or synonymous the problem is with reality - the problem is with youth youth approach they have to deal with the fact that you're after sinking together you will need to come up with some mechanism for doing that you can't just say well we drop reality you would expect reality to get in the rain the corpse will do what they do they might be transferred and still they might damages they're just going to do [47:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=2850s) with it along yeah but it doesn't have to be in many cases in this case editors would be unintentional we could be double standard all this is still if it is genuine unpretentious but could green the state of affairs is about without an expert an explanation it isn't collapsed by my girl ten you don't need to apply something about this build process because the Democrats haven't participated getting close to the expense and the risk of having paid for the meet cost that expense is a section which breeze says to the interspace [50:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=3000s) in general I'm interesting they're like real lamination in the lore as well in terms of say Phoenicians and access because you take take this scenario forward as a disconnect between what blockchain says and what the court said one possible solution to that is for the court to ownership asbestos or two parts there's an idea of things in revealing and also that the benefit will exploit and it may be a way of reconciling that scenario with real life is to say well actually what's recorded on the Rope chains neither image so in some ways maybe that context of either [52:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=3150s) of course in this situation maybe nicely because the part is absolutely they say the contract should become money is more and they may also say that they want mutual arbitrator to decide against so that the decision-makers are not the courts of Pakistan simply saying what they be told to say by their legislature there always being with these sort of provinces international trade although we try to pick a situation where simply G in English company law necessarily help there is natural language from that I [55:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=3300s) mean you might say in some way everything is in okay you could still get this fact scenario and it is true that irrespective of words or natural language legal system imposes its own I be able to contract these favorite bar code and it will have things in it if there ultimately however this language or the way the intentions we're always going to be able to dream of the way in which that won't be sufficient and then what really counts is the procedure you separate the DNA today exception is just one conclusion I'd like to make is for handling the dispute resolution mechanisms that you stated earlier arbitration and things like that I even in London what sorts the video stated in the contract what would that you solve this scenario by limited geographical knowledge but dirt blackest and could just say no that's right but what my workgroups Fulbright or anyone else knew about that so to contact set that you agree to the direction of the [57:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqb4NE5uXU0&t=3450s) English Court sent and your caps parties are the ceilings nineteen Thank You star and then you can start an international treaty taking to your right [Music] you --- End of [657] Legal Panel - Internet of Agreements conference. Its connections are at the top of this file; the map is https://guptaoption.com/llms.txt. Read next: next on the same works, [638] Ian Grigg - Internet of Agreements conference (2017) (no text here); the most closely related, [780](https://guptaoption.com/texts/780.md) Vinay Gupta and Ian Grigg Speak On Arbitration and... (2023); his whole career in one file, https://guptaoption.com/story.md.