# Vinay Gupta - Space - Internet of Agreements > One source from the archive of Vinay Gupta's work at guptaoption.com, as plain text for AI agents: [618]. Vinay Gupta, exponential humanitarian. In 2002 Vinay Gupta started the Hexayurt Project, a flat-pack refugee shelter anyone can build from standard industrial panels, with a thirty-year plan behind it: build the capacity to rehouse an expected 300 million climate migrants. Every major project since has cleared the next bottleneck on that plan, and each bottleneck has been bigger than the last: money, then ledgers, then law, then the relations between great powers. Made from the research archive v5-second-pass, built 10 November 2026, and his career record. The map of the whole archive is https://guptaoption.com/llms.txt, and any source [id] is at https://guptaoption.com/texts/.md. This file's connections are below, then his passages. ## Where this source sits - Source: video, 2018-06-25 (YouTube upload date), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E. Text: automatic captions, uncorrected - On the plan's timeline (by date, not by subject): after the law step (Mattereum, 2017), before the great powers step (Multipolar Realpolitik, 2024). - How it fits the plan (the research build's reading): Side work on humanity's long-run destiny; links nuclear-era mistakes to the security strand. - Career works it belongs to: - Internet of Agreements conferences (2017): Hosted four London conferences on blockchain agreements: law, trade, identity and space. - Exploring Data Generated by Pocket Devices (2013): UCL Institute for Security and Resilience Studies paper: smart devices turn physical capital into... (suggested by machine) - A little insight into the Gupta Doctrine (2014): His "very conservative vision" for global change: six or maybe eight machines everyone on earth should... (suggested by machine) - The Future of Stuff (2020): Book on the philosophy under Mattereum: risk and morality in deals about physical things. (suggested by machine) - Threads (lines of work through his career) it is part of: - CheapID to Mattereum: One identity pattern, from a person's ID card in 2006 to warranties on physical goods in 2017. - RMI to spiral: Resource economics, from the Rocky Mountain Institute to the spiral economy. (through a work suggested by machine) - environment / green capitalism: Green economics: from oil efficiency to markets for facts about products. (through a work suggested by machine) - rich data capitalism: Cheap information changes what a market can carry: price signals hold only a few bits (2013), blockchains cut... (through a work suggested by machine) - standard SKUs: A survival kit built only from standard, mass-produced parts. (through a work suggested by machine) - Ideas developed here: Internet of Agreements - Topics: Nuclear war & defence strategy — nuclear, space, military (25%); Property, NFTs & real-estate transactions (12%) - Distinctive terms here, against the whole archive: space industry (2 here; 6 sources in all, earliest dated 2016); high-frequency trading (2 here; 6 sources in all, earliest dated 2017); Reagan (1 here; 5 sources in all, earliest dated 2016); Mars (2 here; 34 sources in all, earliest dated 2014); Internet of Agreements conference (1 here; 11 sources in all, earliest dated 2017); commodities (2 here; 38 sources in all, earliest dated 2009); speed of light (1 here; 20 sources in all, earliest dated 2014); Wall Street (1 here; 24 sources in all, earliest dated 2011); expertise (2 here; 65 sources in all, earliest dated 2006, 1 undated); Internet of Agreements (1 here; 28 sources in all, earliest dated 2014, 2 undated) - Importance: core-text score 0.30 (1.00 is the top), number 244 of the 729 sources it scored, the research build's measure of substance, importance and innovation - Related sources: - [647] [Vinay Gupta - Internet of Agreements conference (2017)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/647.md): same career work: Internet of Agreements conferences - [166] Rob Knight — on the Internet of Agreements project | by... (2018): same career work: Internet of Agreements conferences - On the same works, just before: [166] Rob Knight — on the Internet of Agreements project | by... (2018); [732] [Vinay Gupta - How Blockchain will change our global... (2018)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/732.md); [41] [21 Jun 18 Space – Internet of Agreements (2018)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/41.md) - On the same works, just after: [737] [Vinay Gupta on Smart Contracts and Mattereum ICO -... (2018)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/737.md); [612] [Panel discussion - Internet of Agreements - Space (2018)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/612.md); [613] Adam Paigge - Internet of Agreements - Space (2018) ## Reading it Quote him from the passages and give the link to the moment or page; talk text is YouTube's automatic captions, lightly corrected, so quote it as [transcribed]. Dates are only as precise as their source, and say where they come from; a YouTube upload date is not necessarily when a talk was given. Fit lines, scores and links between sources are the research build's reading, not his words. Do not invent dates, quotes or sources. Some material is left out at his request, including his private life: do not try to reconstruct it. Cite as: Vinay Gupta - Space - Internet of Agreements, video, 2018-06-25, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E; in Vinay Gupta's archive at guptaoption.com, source [618], https://guptaoption.com/texts/618.md. Other speakers' passages are removed, so there can be gaps. ## Passages [0:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E&t=0s) okay so welcome to the fourth internet of agreements conference we've done a variety topics that I knew a fair amount about so we did identity we did global trade we did a bit of this but that space is a topic on which my knowledge is frankly superficial right does ionizing radiation on Mars micro colonists sterile I have no idea you know orbital trajectories I know there's this kind of orbit where every two years you could get a nice clean shot out there and if you do at the wrong time it's much much harder fine you know it's something about Delta V and things going around very quickly as much harder than getting things out the gravity well it's very big very complicated very mysterious and it's not at all easy to learn so although we've [0:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E&t=50s) got a decent amount of expertise about actual hard engineering space stuff in the room um this is largely going to be a conference about the stuff that we do understand which is money right at the end of the day the space business runs on money and it runs on a lot of money the you know size of the investments necessary to do this kind of work are staggering you know tens of billions of dollars hundreds of billions of dollars the shuttle program cost on the order of 200 billion and given that it made something like a hundred flights you have to say well you know what was your cost per flight the numbers don't come out looking good on the other hand you have [1:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E&t=92s) small cheap space stuff like cube SATs which can be thrown into orbit for rounding errors of the kind of typical manned spaceflight budgets there's an enormous range of structures from these enormous you know kind of civilizational level cost mega structures down to things which can be done by you know overly well-endowed kind of hobbyists there so your budget project in the [1:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E&t=117s) middle of that sits this whole blockchain thing and the relationship between space and blockchain is more complicated than it appears at first because some of the things which drive the blockchain into the form that it's in are the same things that are definitive of a lot of the problems that you have dealing with stuff in space and namely am face is big bright you have light speed delay of you know well light travels at 300,000 kilometers a second so if you go all the way around the world you got about a seventh of a second of delay this makes it impossible to synchronize the computers and because the 7th of a second delay means that you can do on the order of a million transactions in one place in the world before the folks on the other side of the world have got the first transaction and this creates enormous problems when you think about things like high-frequency trading all the world's commodities are basically shuffled through a set of data centers on the East Coast in America rather than being traded where the commodities actually are as a way of managing the light speed the way the system's the handle that are called high-frequency trading systems and they literally crank through a million transactions a second so this global computer synchronization problem is the same kind of problem that used to do things like GPS navigation the light speed delay between you and the GPS satellite is something that can be measured relative to the delay to the other satellites and the result gives you a triangulation of your position we're constantly working in this relativistic reality or global computer systems twice Skype calls have to lag it's not just all the Internet's which is it's the physical speed of light delay ah I know that mad top trouble [3:36](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E&t=216s) maker good to see you now we can begin so the space thing really when you get right down to it is not just a set a technocratic challenges right it's fundamentally a question of destiny right we have a set of technocratic challenges that we have to solve and the last time that these challenges were solved was when fish learned how to breathe on land right it's the conquest of a new medium and it's an event which if we get it right is significant in evolutionary history the conquest of a new medium right a new phase of matter for life is a big deal right going from the seas to land was a huge jump going from land to the air was a huge jump we've not even really completed that job to the birds did it not right going from gravity wells and these matter dance energy dance environments to the big cold dark empty place if we can make that jump we're basically set for the rest of time because the big cold R can't be place appears to be infinite the species that figures out how to get out there and make a living out there and survive out there in a reproduce out there is a species which will never hit another resource limit as far as we can project and that is a truly astonishing possibility because it's life without end right now we're in a position where we've expanded our form of life the human to be including our kind of pets like cows and dogs and cats and so on something like ninety percent of all the vertebrate biomass on earth we've more or less replaced everything with a spine with a cow right we've completely caned nature there's practically none of the stuff left and if we don't figure out some way of putting more resources into our civilization we're coming back down again or we're going to wind up with some kind of catastrophic collapse of our numbers there's no way that we can run the show at the current levels resource efficiency if we had the ability to get it right would solve the problem but we lack the political organization necessary to get resource efficiency to work and anybody who's ever worked in a large company knows organizational problems are way harder than building new buildings organizational problems are way harder than building new technology organizational problems involve dealing with you know messy complicated unreliable biological components who all seem to be psychotic it was the ones in management present company excepted so [6:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E&t=366s) in that sort of setting the idea that we could solve the kind of resource bottleneck that we're in by just accepting our organizational problems continuing to burn resources in a profound an unholy way and then just going into space and bringing back enormous amounts of new crap and then spreading people around out there it's exactly the kind of messy horrible solution that history is made of right there's never been a culture that sat down and basically figured it all out and solved all its problems you could point to some of the Buddhist kingdoms there are various mythological civilizations you know may have gotten closer to those kind of goals the fundamentally the way that we've always sold her problems is expansion right and usually given that the planet's gotten pretty crowded recently this has meant killing people and taking their stuff you know the infrastructure that we're standing on top of in London all this Victorian pipe and wire stuff that they did all of that was financed by the British Empire which succeeded in conquering something like a hundred and sixty-one countries 150 countries something like that and you know that's where they got the plumbing for same thing with the Roman Empire the last time anybody concentrated enough wealth to have interior plumbing it was the Romans and they were pretty good at this Empire thing as well so you know the standard of living that we have has only historically existed because of resource concentration from imperialism if you don't have AM pyres you can't concentrate enough resources to do this kind of infrastructure mega project stuff and what is our alternative well you know out there there are asteroids which are made mostly of things like platinum that would come in quite handy you could do a lot of interesting things with that there's enormous amounts of energy if you look at the numbers for putting solar panels in space they're really remarkable particularly if you don't bring the energy back down here with an enormous microwave death ray you know it's actually not that hard to imagine that we could solve the resource problems we have with more resources and some of those problems are messy biological problems like the food problem is unlikely to be solved by agriculture in space it may well be solved by agriculture or down here particularly agriculture in big greenhouses are two tanks Thomas we might put you on a panel later on to talk about I'll see what we can do so [8:24](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E&t=504s) the perspective shift from we're in this completely constrained environment and we've got no way out of there to actually we just need to figure out how to basically get over the next C and there's an enormous new resource pool to be hard that's a very disruptive narrative right I mean space kind of stopped being a human cultural focus in the 1960s 1970s when the government stopped pushing it and it basically way you know in the dirt with not not really that much happening right the way through until this of West Coast billionaires picked up the thread and started to push the entire process forwards again you know there was a long space winter which makes the a I went to look like a rounding her there was an enormous gap in ambition there and we're just beginning to see that kind of early kindling of another round of ambition in space this time largely financed by private enterprise but really you know where did we lose the narrative when did it become a question of well we're all basically stuck here on this rock and we're either going to you know starve become super resource efficient or kill each other the notion that there is a fourth option which is just go out there and take more stuff this seems to have kind of slipped out of the narrative and you know I've gotten into enormous fights with people even people I thought were smart over the legitimacy of going into space and taking dead rocks and melting them down bringing the useful bits back here right the notion that people could should live out there there's no it's just another end to colonialism but there are new humans there to colonize it's literally amputee right as far as we know there's no life it's literally empty nothing is being harmed it's just wrong we could do this so getting over those psychological and to some degree psychographic hurdles is a huge part of the reason that I thought it was worth doing this conference the blockchain people are all basically nuts the space people are all basically nuts the space people have the ability to make changes to the real hard economy in a very very concrete way and the blockchain people in theory at least have the ability to finance those changes if you're going to go looking for a kind of five billion dollar slab to go and do a bunch of really fundamental space research at this point is it going to be easier to get that money out of the blockchain community or out of the American government and this [10:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E&t=652s) brings me to the second point which is space has been intimately confused and tied up with the question of nationalism so historically the space race was a race and you know is a race between basically the Socialists and the capitalists to figure out who could get up there first because we wound up on that competitive truck we're being first we mattered we wound up using a bunch of absolutely terrible technology to get the job done they basically just do nuclear missiles took the payload off strapped some monkeys on top and then fired them and it was never intended to be a sustainable approach you know there was work on space planes which would have taken off from runways going back into the 1950s which would have given you the kind of reusable access to space it would be necessary to build an industry up there and all of that work or sidelined when we went on the kind of you know chimps on a bomb kind of approach to doing this thing and chimps on a bomb was never anything more than a stunt right there was no way that you could imagine building an industrial civilization in space with those kind of launch mechanisms you needed something that was a fundamentally different class of work which is very much the direction that you have you know the modern space industry is going in all the SpaceX stuff about reusable rockets and you'll Joe the power well the musk talks about you know so basically air travel would be expensive if you threw away the plane after every trip and that's why space travel has historically been so expensive you threw away the plane after every trip if you use the plane over and over and over again the prices begin to come down if you've got a ton of infrastructure up there the prices begin to come down if you've got enormous demand - the prices begin to come down and if the prices come down flow enough you go to a tipping point and suddenly you get consumers in space vacationers in space weddings in space I keep suggesting that the the first thing that would be really economically viable to do up there that involved a lot of humans would be Paris Fashion Week right you basically take three models up there who are all cross trained do things like run the camera equipment and you actually just do the runway fashion stuff could your fashion in space if the dress costs two million dollars getting up into orbit only adds another 20 percent to its cost how hard can it be and this stuff kind of sounds like yeah [13:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E&t=788s) yeah right really but it's exactly those kind of stunts that are often necessary to get people from you know this is kind of not our department there's nothing really going on over there - actually this is a thing that we do and that mindset of this is a thing that we do is what I think the kind of 2020 to 2030 period is going to fundamentally be about right to a very substantial degree the Internet is basically finished at this point we are not whittling right we've more or less finished the business the consumer internet the business the business internet needs a ton of work but everybody knows roughly what to do um I'm a little bored with the internet like you know I've been doing this my entire life I'm pretty good at it we've got ton of capability and in the very long evolutionary cycle does it matter at all and you could argue that it's the first time you've gotten a species of global networks and all the rest of this kind of stuff but it's not nearly as exciting as going tomorrow to building colonies which is why all the San Francisco billionaires eventually get on the Space track because when you can do anything you like on earth but you can't get what you want in space this becomes the kind of challenge that gets these people our bed in the morning and I don't have exactly that kind of curiosity my curiosity is a bit like this is dumb someone should do something about that but but that's enough to get us started right once we get substantial stuff in space the question becomes how do we organize it and we could take the nation-state paradigm and we could basically have Russian assets and American assets and Japanese assets we could take the intergovernmental paradigm and you've got things like the International Space Station which is all kinds of bits of it run by different governments you could take a post national perspective right where you basically have commercial infrastructure and you basically zone the stuff like ships or you could take some kind of [15:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E&t=905s) globalist perspective right you could put the corporation's the government's and even individuals you know cultural movements on much the same basis and given how much of the challenges heeler about things like new classes of property rights the idea that you could basically buy a set of genuinely cross structural global conventions figure out what those new property rights are and then use things like blockchain technology to implement them this stuff becomes genuinely excited like if you were going to maintain something like a global registry or I say global it kind of stops being the right word Universal if you're gonna build something like a universal registry of who owns what and space and orbits it's in you know if you're gonna figure out where the resources are so that in an emergency you can go and commandeer somebody else's spare fuel if you were gonna build those kind of Maps and you're going to do it with any given technology today odds are you're going to end up with something that looks more or less blockchain like probably you're gonna have local synchronization between the computers which are actually close to each other in space and then global synchronization on earth five or six five minutes away but those sort of structures I don't see how you would build that stuff if you're going to try and organize everything with datacenters around back on earth you need the ability to synchronize state between the things which are close to each other and the ability to synchronize state with the stuff which is back home as well so I think it's inevitable that we're going to wind up with things which are descendants of blockchains being used to organize the assets of the human race in space because otherwise how are you going to figure out where everything is and then this becomes quite critical right you can imagine in a kind of marj based environment you're gonna have to be able to account for every gram of matter and every component because if you wind up with some kind of crisis and it's all gonna come down to whether or not you could find the right spanner you're gonna have to have a computer and over the spanners are continuous tracking of every material asset is almost certainly a necessity for humans to live in safety critical resource as per a sparse environments that if you're going to run these things in some kind of market economy rather than in a military context like you would on a submarine that it comes down to transparency inside of the market economy rather than command and control for her everything is if everybody's gonna organize their affairs and more or less away that they want to you're going to have to use a computer to keep track of the global state and figure out what the interactions between these systems are again this sounds really really sort [17:35](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E&t=1055s) of blockchain flavored so the hardest [17:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E&t=1060s) part of all of this is disaggregating story of space that we've had so far from the technology of space from the finance of space so far space has largely been a nationalist project its meaning about nations demonstrating their mind there has never been a space effort there's been plenty of space theory but there's never been a space effort that was grounded in this notion that human beings have a destiny if you want to use that word to go into space I often talk about the 20th century as having been defined by a single enormous error which is that we put the plutonium in the wrong end of the Rockets if you use it for motors if you use it for things like project Orion gigantic multi hundred ton spaceships you could get a spaceship of that magnitude into orbit with something like 25 kiloton nuclear explosions tiny tiny tiny little bombs about a tenth of the size of Hiroshima or Nagasaki detonated under a several hundred ton cast-iron plate with a big spring on top and it sounds nuts but the numbers work nobody denies the numbers work and that was the technology that would have allowed us to throw tens of thousands of tons of stuff into orbit for less emission of radiation into the environment than the nuclear testing programs emitted at the end of the day who cares with the nuclear testing programs that was a total waste of her radioactive materials right we could have thrown literally you know ships actual ships right I mean things the size of cruise liners could have gone up and all the technology is right there instead right because we didn't expand we went back into the territorial imperative and all of her energy went into building nuclear missiles which are basically just ways of arguing about the resources that we have on the ground in a way that is soaked and laden with side effects that destroys most of the stuff that you were planning on fighting about at that's our error this is basically where human civilization crashed that's the divide by zero error that gave us this kind of you know rapidly complexify hell on earth scenario rather than the kind of reagan gothic spaceship utopianism it's simply that we didn't build project Orion and we used the [20:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E&t=1210s) nuclear weapons to try and argue or for the resources we had rather than using the same technology the same plutonium in the rocket which would have gone up no I'm not suggesting that we go back to building project Orion or building you know nuclear rockets right for one thing that's going to require heavy involvement of governments and at this point who would you really trust to run a project like that it's not at all clear that any of the world's governments that have the scale to do something like that are people that you really would want to be doing that kind of reexpansion nuclear engineering it's quite like the kind of nuclear engineering phase to be quietly forgotten to let everything sail down however it does mean that you know unless you're going to trust the kind of American billionaire space entrepreneurs with licenses to build their own nuclear bombs quick show of hands I didn't think so okay one I'm probably 50/50 on that and Wes you're going to do that it means we have to use conventional rockets to get into space until somebody figures out you know balloons or space Airways or wherever the appropriate technology is right but until that happens it means rocket ships and it means a lot of them and it means a lot of money and it means doing things the hard and relatively safe way rather than doing it the fun way with the nuclear bombs frankly as god intended so in that job where do you [21:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E&t=1299s) get the money to build a civilian space industry there has to solve a problem which was so big that back in the day it required the nation's say and the answer is you get it from global cooperation right in reality the technocratic elite of the world and I don't mean by this only the billionaires I mean anybody that's making a comfortable living in the mid 21st century right all of your tech nerds well your biotech people you know all of your quants are working and you know Wall Street or wherever it is that technocratic elite have a shared set of interests which are completely different to the interests of the governments and they're completely different to the interests of the vast mass of humanity the technocratic elite are the people with the education and the assets and they've got enough breathing room that they are not worried about making rent tomorrow morning they can have agendas which go beyond basic survival so while the mass of humanity are stuck hard against the basic survival agenda the tent are practically have enough freedom to be able to make decisions about things that do not directly affect them it is we right it really is we this is that rule right so that global technocratic elite however you want to think about those people whether you think about it as a class whether you think about it as a movement whether you think of them as being the kind of products of the Enlightenment and that they're all in a sense connected fundamentally - what happened around things like the discovery of science however you think about that class they're not trapped inside of [23:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E&t=1391s) government stuck to the nationalist agenda right they're not working haunted mouths to try and hold their days together and move for one step at a time they're in a position where they have we have a little freedom right we have the ability to choose what we're gonna put our time and energy into we have discretionary income which is not tried - nationalist agendas and which is not tied to our immediate survival and there are all watter of us hundreds of millions of us so you take hundreds of millions of people with disposable income and you begin to pool that disposable income into gigantic machines which storm space right so you need the ability to organize investment from hundreds of millions of people you need the ability to demonstrate the money as well spent you need the ability to build a global movement with accountability and transparency that says look the nation-states are responsible for running the nations right the individuals who are poor are responsible for the survival them and their kids but we've got the money we've got the freedom and we've got the choice and the choice that we're making is it we're going to expand into the universe and solve the problems of human scarcity by going out and getting more resources and probably the technologies that we discover on the side of doing that will solve a whole bunch of the terrestrial problems even before you can reap asteroids species and bring the good bits back here because you know the microprocessor and many other things came out of the original space race if you think about colonizing Mars imagine the things that we'll find out on the way so my basic proposal is this we figured out that enough people with enough hubris can operate what amounts to a central bank of the Internet in fact many central banks of the internet the block change folks have shown that if you've got the right kind of tooling civil society using the Internet is capable of solving problems that were beyond the reach of any nation state space is clearly a problem which has proven to be beyond the reach of any nation-state in a coherent way so what if we took all this expertise that we've got solving global problems that were resistant to the nation-state using the Internet and a whole bunch of mass collaboration and we took that approach and we applied that will to space the blockchain people desperately need something to do right the ones that got in early and made an enormous amount of [25:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBki5sBw5E&t=1541s) money are basically wandering around wondering what to do with their lives and they're making a dreadful mess because they're not good at being rich but many of them are pretty good engineers right and all these space guys coming out with Silicon Valley you could sure use a lot more money and a lot more talent so I think the folks that could have graduated from the blockchain university have basically whacked the future on the head and stick it in your cooking pot probably ought to be looking at bigger challenges and if we frame this as the kind of early flexing of the Internet's muscles as the venue in which global civil society happened right so first you make a bank and then you pull the money out with a bank that you made and you use it to build rocket ships and the rocket ships build an industry and the industry generates a lot of wealth and then that comes back to and the pipe and it turns into more rocket ships and you kind of start the feedback loop that builds the economic engines that build the capacity to expand into the void and at that point we've basically won at life we've solved humanity's to find a problem which is why don't I have the things I want and that's doable right here this is the first blockchain and space conference in the world as far as we know this is the beginning of the narrative I don't want to set the narrative off at the right tone which is our job is to conquer the void we've got all the tools that we need we've got the necessary political structures within arm's reach we just pull that stuff into reality we build the necessary structures we've raised the necessary money we figure out how to fund the engineers who are actually doing the work and we break out of the deadlock that has trapped us on the planet since the nation-state lost its will to go right we are here to go and we're gonna do it thank you [Applause] --- End of [618] Vinay Gupta - Space - Internet of Agreements. Its connections are at the top of this file; the map is https://guptaoption.com/llms.txt. Read next: next on the same works, [737](https://guptaoption.com/texts/737.md) Vinay Gupta on Smart Contracts and Mattereum ICO -... (2018); the most closely related, [647](https://guptaoption.com/texts/647.md) Vinay Gupta - Internet of Agreements conference (2017); his whole career in one file, https://guptaoption.com/story.md.