# Wales 1

> One source from the archive of Vinay Gupta's work at guptaoption.com, as plain text for AI agents: [282]. Vinay Gupta, exponential humanitarian. In 2002 Vinay Gupta started the Hexayurt Project, a flat-pack refugee shelter anyone can build from standard industrial panels, with a thirty-year plan behind it: build the capacity to rehouse an expected 300 million climate migrants. Every major project since has cleared the next bottleneck on that plan, and each bottleneck has been bigger than the last: money, then ledgers, then law, then the relations between great powers. Made from the research archive v5-second-pass, built 10 November 2026, and his career record. The map of the whole archive is https://guptaoption.com/llms.txt, and any source [id] is at https://guptaoption.com/texts/<id>.md. This file's connections are below, then his passages.

## Where this source sits

- Source: video, 2016-06-07 (YouTube upload date), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aznTgf_Do5A. Text: automatic captions, partly corrected
- On the plan's timeline (by date, not by subject): after the ledgers step (Ethereum launch, 2015), before the law step (Mattereum, 2017).
- How it fits the plan (the research build's reading): Duplicate recording.
- Career works it belongs to:
  - People's Cloud architecture and futures in 1000 words (2013): Blog essay: the data center is doomed, its efficiency is bought with centralization and monitoring, and... (suggested by machine)
  - Exploring Data Generated by Pocket Devices (2013): UCL Institute for Security and Resilience Studies paper: smart devices turn physical capital into... (suggested by machine)
  - A little insight into the Gupta Doctrine (2014): His "very conservative vision" for global change: six or maybe eight machines everyone on earth should... (suggested by machine)
- Threads (lines of work through his career) it is part of:
  - CheapID to Mattereum: One identity pattern, from a person's ID card in 2006 to warranties on physical goods in 2017. (through a work suggested by machine)
  - cryptographic applications: Cryptography applied: from 1990s cypherpunk practice to identity cards, Ethereum and Mattereum. (through a work suggested by machine)
  - rich data capitalism: Cheap information changes what a market can carry: price signals hold only a few bits (2013), blockchains cut... (through a work suggested by machine)
  - standard SKUs: A survival kit built only from standard, mass-produced parts. (through a work suggested by machine)
- Topics: Information markets — universal registers and digital twins (45%)
- Distinctive terms here, against the whole archive: equity crowdfunding (2 here; 14 sources in all, earliest dated 2014); SIP (1 here; 4 sources in all, earliest dated 2016); Starfish (1 here; 5 sources in all, earliest dated 2009); peer-to-peer (2 here; 28 sources in all, earliest dated 2013); speed of light (1 here; 20 sources in all, earliest dated 2014); ConsenSys (1 here; 23 sources in all, earliest dated 2002); Silicon Valley (1 here; 37 sources in all, earliest dated 2014, 1 undated)
- The earliest dated source in this archive for (undated sources may be earlier): SIP
- Importance: core-text score 0.26 (1.00 is the top), number 299 of the 729 sources it scored, the research build's measure of substance, importance and innovation
- Related sources:
  - [562] [Vinay Gupta at The Promise of the Blockchain 2015 (2024)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/562.md): close in content (cosine 0.95)
  - [758] [#3 Vinay Gupta, Indexing the physical world (2019)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/758.md): close in content (cosine 0.94)
- On the same works, just before: [286] [Ouishare on global democracy and the real sharing economy (2016)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/286.md); [284] [Daniel Pinchbeck and Vinay Gupta discuss using... (2016)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/284.md); [863] [Vinay Gupta - Blockchain Beyond Bitcoin (2016)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/863.md)
- On the same works, just after: [279] [Jon Husband (Wirearchy inventor) and Vinay Gupta discuss... (2016)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/279.md); [734] [Blockchain: Beyond Bitcoin by Vinay Gupta @leashless... (2016)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/734.md); [763] [FutureRant - Vinay Gupta Pt 2/4 - "Survival & Politics" (2016)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/763.md)

## Reading it

Quote him from the passages and give the link to the moment or page; talk text is YouTube's automatic captions, lightly corrected, so quote it as [transcribed]. Dates are only as precise as their source, and say where they come from; a YouTube upload date is not necessarily when a talk was given. Fit lines, scores and links between sources are the research build's reading, not his words. Do not invent dates, quotes or sources. Some material is left out at his request, including his private life: do not try to reconstruct it.

Cite as: Wales 1, video, 2016-06-07, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aznTgf_Do5A; in Vinay Gupta's archive at guptaoption.com, source [282], https://guptaoption.com/texts/282.md.

Other speakers' passages are removed, so there can be gaps.

## Passages
[0:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aznTgf_Do5A&t=0s) 4 2015 watch acabo wars and possibility that equity crowdfunding was going to turn out to be an enormous enormous force inside of this whole space you know i barean that she's very aggressive it's basically just that don't you ever get ready here it comes and sure enough you know we've got 160 million dollar equivalent in an equity crowdfunding type platform of the dial which is started right here UK by the swap so without kind of removing my sensor or makes predictions I'm going to talk about why I think the next year or hold in the entire proprio space as a little bit of a kind of state those of you who don't know me and I was partnering with ConsenSys are basically a strategic architect which means I spend the majority of my turn figure how to explain these technologies their audiences and wither them to actually make decisions and a lot of that is getting people you have to understand what my name is or exactly what a gas permit is pretty or they're not develop ideas whether to use this stuff people seem to love oil exploration they always get proved that interval level explanation but actually we don't do that enjoy your apology if you figure to something like the lamp stack you know everybody uses the laptop or the breeding stock nobody ever knew worries about SQL query optimization I just can't hurt me are the explanations of these things which are very oriented my name steak every works get the Super Bowl level other side of the time in we don't do the technologies progress our most the release coordinator for theory sybase in the project manager software that most well thought i'd worry about those details but his motion so with us preface and i want basically additional notes if you've heard the circularity so the singularity which is

[2:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aznTgf_Do5A&t=150s) an American concept that recruited Silicon Valley maybe 10 years ago and the signal are basically suggests that you're going to get work intelligence the first artificial intelligence will use the design the next artificial intelligence the previous you have super intelligent artificial general intelligence ha's which everything on which exists demoralized across the internet is very venomous blockchain another humans will basically be obsolete and which may prefer for me the signal our Terms very concept until about six months ago when suddenly London cloth the singularity there are a couple pieces big news and deep learning stuff you kept saying these words come out this google thing blank items word bubbles words so that stop the suffering to painting their photograph and then we did the painting itself photographed and sort of and telligence favorite rock walls be there and most people I know or clothes washers they are found that Hopkins 10-15 years before he predicted it was a generational job within few years so that comforts of Fortune is put the signal art and by the table for me really I have to signal our games happening but around one explain I think the artificial intelligence is probably coming I think it would be me shoot down just won't words general benicia telecommute feels like we've known to have hot boxes or any other identified molecules using mass spectrometer general intelligence is you be given a determinable figure out a way forward okay so what's a 22-8 you're going in to read figure out at work machines a configurable it's of artificial general intelligence post 15 will turn just as home purchase

[5:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aznTgf_Do5A&t=300s) people are at those paid by keys we are very tangible a terrible tendency to prove to themselves something is true which is possible true but they're so skillful minute going the evidence of marshal in arteries but they convince themselves that the cadets are pretty soon you get a UFO or ancient aliens or new conservative so this mobile the word accountant' require greater the tendencies for themself convince themselves of false positives is why I don't think we're going to see artificial super intelligence I think you might get tabata artificial intelligence and I think that their tendency to be just completely insane will greatly limited utility of your world you might wonder a few special attentiveness kind of stuff but I think in general with them to discover the ER is a poor substitute for systems that evolved over a billion gamers to trade off very skillfully the balance between intelligence and crazy however you could get is very very very fast intelligence as well and the prospect that you can find out with extremely a much cheaper is very realistic particularly literature paper group so the reason I what the frame is a long time to talk about those portraits that as if it is good to simplify bleep ed any civilization and actually it's only one of about seven or kent washington or clips that are all marching over the horizon really and are tearing apart the very fabric of our expectations by reality far faster than you can young people for example a virtual reality here is something that you can see maybe once or twice in here now if you skip basically every time you go to convert senator james officially barred nerds somebody has PRK the back and they'll get so bad when all this gear is launched from facebook for some sense or every aspect of the bar get you to buy the watch game you can buy it in dixon of residence at that point vrs can do

[7:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aznTgf_Do5A&t=450s) something you do see four or five twenty today w people separately our heads it possibly work w matrix and all these things are basically pushing us outside of what has been the traditional understanding of technology which was technologies touch it was machines gadgets that what's happening is it really to break out moreover technology gadgets and under this new girl which technology basically constitutes an usher from gatwick centric to environmental we've talked about this in terms of things of internet of things we talk about interest rates of tambien computing their sensor networks it's bounced around a long time the bottom line is we're moving into the world in which the tech world is rather out of us continuously all times and it's increasingly in so you look at some solid entry shopping cart decided I'm gonna buy it buy get that Xavier would face with their therapy right it works for body thing and they're still very developed a spoonful around it must be wicked trillion dollars of here so these are fundamental technologies are already wrapped the reference but how much more powerful is that become begin to get our fish intelligence what chains of AI is a simple service you have your bones and

[10:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aznTgf_Do5A&t=600s) look into virtual world and the stuff in the virtual world is directly connected propulsion to use samsung facility or Gibson facility it really is property that has been transferred to them not even the annotated regression transaction taking is so there are no rules but which game masters game can reach in your pocket semantics the stuff is gone if that is their integrated into robot full to your thermostat secure everything else your house back to black castles on their time an inspector game this kind of sounds like comedy but guarantee you you're going to really be scary news about this kind of stuff in the red of newspapers with insects mansory certain next year afterwards I think the narrative blockchain is a savior break is going to replace that much more general understanding with the entire world is changing really wet and smarter conservation so what take a little detour and teach you all how to explain what James not be useful if you can remember how to you know how this explanation works it will make everything you do the title so start 1970s and the winter swap this is easiest way gets startled 1970s one computer of our organization the computer is a big front lunge you know they completely people wear white coats and funny little hair nets because the straight hair gets into tape drives the tape trucks are interesting like 600 meters long underneath the tape gets tied up at hair rip your customer into two pieces so the machines are treated extraordinary care because incredible travel I thought cause book for the hardware software and there are stories that machines in crop and it will take three or four days party to the choir

[12:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aznTgf_Do5A&t=750s) a favor these are very very delicate the other the city-owned care that he would give there was telling some particle accelerators these things work report very good so there's our prehistory provisions of programming by heart if you wanted to do query the march date law three tapes to each other yet after run the team's money okay at Foxhall and trees reed rekar about 16 inches we drag our visa records the same yes or no if no advance 11 interest get next record check record and you do drugs or programs of Kobol that would process the it was incredibly expensive and difficult double boot but it was still thousands of times easier this is the prehistory 19-7 something and I phone call call call Nadia comes up with involve the relational ask you an SQL takes these tape drives entire model the date basements tables all the rest of my stuff and says under this there is a multi-dimensional algebra each table is one access enormous q12 type of database 12 dimensional hypercube inside are twelve dimension hybrid group we can then close all dimensions one of time until we're left two dimensions use a simple and about two dimensional locus of defiling is the table returned to us as a result so starting five dimensions you say where name equals Smith takes away the venture where City London takes away that magic where purchase order people's testing around takes away dimension and you take away the dimensions collapse from his 12-time entrance basis infinite data down to three dimensions two dimensions giving those two dimensions table and this is acceptable SQL to attain is enormously complex set of software harder interactions that you have believed it simple things done in your data into an algebra that once you're over the hump or realizing we're basically constant of the day to the sum of the programmers crazy others Elphaba is twenty years

[15:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aznTgf_Do5A&t=900s) later by 1990s you have a hot really big software companies at Oracle side base the whole heart their own SQL implementations there are hundreds of thousands of millions of people in the world make a struggle or whatever and that generation machinery humming completely taken but it's worth thinking about it you know how domestic and mundane is SQL database today does any even think about multi-dimensional lost images that was my joint return to growth spurts of stuff your joint is returning ignorance but to stop this is iterating over dimensional space so 70s mobile hardware software sink by the mid-1980s we get the IBM PC WEC gives us one computer per Paris and one computer per dennis roughly more computer repair institution and one computer per desk the personal computer revolution can conclude you most assuredly to about 45 you've no real awareness the one computer per person to radical contact you just take one computer repair system for granted sure about 3,500 apparently the idea to do only computer the perfect excuse for example seems serious so alone Constance PC revolution of 1917 for one computer per person the computer professional fan gets into this questionable this isn't very useful because the day I was on your own controller return about aging to me but I want to use that typically if you're in the same office a goal a floppy disk you put the data olive oil desk i take my photographer and then a record but then your computer my computer i was sick because you're hoping it doesn't come be updated so i want to give it back across to accessorize with you get the meantime vobiscum kk popular isn't and none of the software in those days

[17:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aznTgf_Do5A&t=1050s) was capable taking four or five copies to say final marginal changes from all those cookies into status even so continues sip transition for only gets worse because we do eventually network computers together further Peter that local area networks then internet the web that provides a super user friendly experienced bro working with the internet during the internets around early decade with webkinz file transfer protocol connectors and a directory listing look what you get and then you download a file in ER and archaeological poops creek which was a series of equations just write letter shapes or purse and then ran your food recipes for OS x having its it later it's inside of them from double PDF is very strong winds barbaro script and PDF is to start bragging rights at bars all of these technologies not previously so we don't solve the synchronization problem but then comes the same fun until we get to Ken Golden Age apply the server the only to climb server comes one two three different times the gold need to recursion recursion curve 1 John computer maintain where somebody else's service never worry about it many users connect so you can buy wardrobes in soil mechanics acronyms it uses your main trade connect green screens that indicate google docs all the other services if it's a facebook or such a client-server terminals where simple perfect somebody else's responsible and all because so much power is concentrated in the center by people technologies that it's extremely difficult for the users with the root system facebook is very large your

[20:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aznTgf_Do5A&t=1200s) laptop your web browser very small so during drugs 1970s big databases 1990s we networked computers together initially do over work by message concept but message customers on to the synchronization problem with insults in translational in the same lyrics and translation problems always control client-server architecture which is the client-server paradigm never dies centralization survives along then it comes with monetary paradigm and says actually we do something you we're no longer swinging between the network data kids from the low we're swimming between lines are we can have something which has the static shared picture of reality you get from the best service systems so public honor key message concept but something that does look create a powerful Center which will then extract $100,000 years of use that squaring of the circle is really something fundamentally new an academic leader shots level nobody can ever figure out how to get a computer system to behave accepting that you were the best appliance on the best of all this peer-to-peer stuff system pronounceable a Bitcoin mining process which is it hard is an enormously ugly but my name is the worst is doing the starfish has a lot in common democracy its friendly expected its mess it's complicated he will continue it having a hard job nor trust the system again approximation governments to the many many many many billions of dollars into the systems so this is about me Arabic initially is used to build one harmful sounds very impressive central park on the other something which is incredible updating which is addition subtraction

[22:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aznTgf_Do5A&t=1350s) these two operations that they could support was Christina multiply so we all this work to generate is enormously complicated peer-to-peer architecture the bobtail all its impressive progress but on the condition its track if you read comes along take this addition subtraction level programming language where but once you've done what you clear is programmability in a paragraph which is either normal answer and that parable architect is going to turn the Dominic part of the next 20 years in the same database dominant paradigm separatist activities and the network the deck for teens all paradigm for everything is connected to every countenance continuing surprised not going away there's a minimum long time which is necessary to be able to synchronize after our messages go around the world basically twice and a rather than their own basically 12 states something like one point four seconds so in all probability you're going to wake up a little of what I'm about to snap and money more like three could be as well as five if he was around 50 but the clock is there because the speed of light without a relatively slow compared to how quickly your computer's incorporate because your computer operates by racing bike box forwards over hundred sixty percent return service six millimeters of racing and as the light racist out in front of your processor facility sex ability and one it can cover an enormous amount of computation compared to comfortable 50 so the quantization of time blocks is a necessary step up against another solid blocks go to state institution and this has been coming or pressing when we start doing things like wanting to build computer systems demonic resources to draw more space digital bars the disputed by the way becomes even longer even more complicated are thinking about how to manage now that's a very ethical

[25:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aznTgf_Do5A&t=1500s) hmm but to other salient points making 72 pieces thank you make these networks we unify the network of the databases you don't get the anarchy of massive possible decentralization of powerful client server and then we make a programmable public programming language into that system you're updating two sentences and you can drill them into that explanation as far as

---
End of [282] Wales 1. Its connections are at the top of this file; the map is https://guptaoption.com/llms.txt.
Read next: next on the same works, [279](https://guptaoption.com/texts/279.md) Jon Husband (Wirearchy inventor) and Vinay Gupta discuss... (2016); the most closely related, [562](https://guptaoption.com/texts/562.md) Vinay Gupta at The Promise of the Blockchain 2015 (2024); his whole career in one file, https://guptaoption.com/story.md.