# Vinay Gupta - Oslo Blockchain Day - Merging the Physical and the Digital using blockchains

> One source from the archive of Vinay Gupta's work at guptaoption.com, as plain text for AI agents: [257]. Vinay Gupta, exponential humanitarian. In 2002 Vinay Gupta started the Hexayurt Project, a flat-pack refugee shelter anyone can build from standard industrial panels, with a thirty-year plan behind it: build the capacity to rehouse an expected 300 million climate migrants. Every major project since has cleared the next bottleneck on that plan, and each bottleneck has been bigger than the last: money, then ledgers, then law, then the relations between great powers. Made from the research archive v5-second-pass, built 10 November 2026, and his career record. The map of the whole archive is https://guptaoption.com/llms.txt, and any source [id] is at https://guptaoption.com/texts/<id>.md. This file's connections are below, then his passages.

## Where this source sits

- Source: video, 2019-05-04 (YouTube upload date), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1xCEyn2a8s. Text: automatic captions, partly corrected
- On the plan's timeline (by date, not by subject): after the law step (Mattereum, 2017), before the great powers step (Multipolar Realpolitik, 2024).
- How it fits the plan (the research build's reading): Green capitalism through data about physical goods.
- Career works it belongs to:
  - Copyright and the digital economy: a case for reason (2010): Short paper proposing land law, with rights of way and trespass, as a better model for copying than theft:... (suggested by machine)
  - The Big Deal (2011): Four-essay blog series arguing that government has hit hard limits, so civil society, working with... (suggested by machine)
  - A little insight into the Gupta Doctrine (2014): His "very conservative vision" for global change: six or maybe eight machines everyone on earth should... (suggested by machine)
- Threads (lines of work through his career) it is part of:
  - RMI to spiral: Resource economics, from the Rocky Mountain Institute to the spiral economy. (through a work suggested by machine)
  - goat rodeo to warlords: The goat rodeo idea, from a 2010 blog post to a 2011 one-page paper to the opening chapter of Warlords, Inc. (2015). (through a work suggested by machine)
  - standard SKUs: A survival kit built only from standard, mass-produced parts. (through a work suggested by machine)
- Topics: Capitalism, consumption & resources (20%); Climate politics & democracy (13%); Information markets — universal registers and digital twins (13%)
- Distinctive terms here, against the whole archive: automated morality (5 here; 5 sources in all, earliest dated 2014); open data (4 here; 9 sources in all, earliest dated 2012); IKEA shelter (1 here; 7 sources in all, earliest dated 2014); standards (5 here; 87 sources in all, earliest dated 2006, 3 undated); digital twin (1 here; 12 sources in all, earliest dated 2017); climate refugees (1 here; 28 sources in all, earliest dated 2010); Department of Defense (1 here; 30 sources in all, earliest dated 2002, 1 undated); refugee shelter (1 here; 30 sources in all, earliest dated 2002); warranties (1 here; 34 sources in all, earliest dated 2017, 2 undated); Red Cross (1 here; 36 sources in all, earliest dated 2002)
- Importance: core-text score 0.30 (1.00 is the top), number 246 of the 729 sources it scored, the research build's measure of substance, importance and innovation
- Related sources:
  - [572] [How To Address Climate Change: Diplomacy, Politics,... (2022)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/572.md): close in content (cosine 0.96)
  - [800] [Lecture by Vinay Gupta at the opening event of Data in... (2022)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/800.md): close in content (cosine 0.95)
- On the same works, just before: [207] [Black Elephants (CCCR2018) - CSER (2019)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/207.md); [692] [Vinay Gupta:From Global Resilience to Practical... (2019)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/692.md); [931] [Blockchain and the Future of Humanity | Malta AIBC... (2019)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/931.md)
- On the same works, just after: [747] [Startup Societies Podcast - Episode 34 - Vinay Gupta (2019)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/747.md); [748] [CCForum and Malta AI & Blockchain Summit Malta... (2019)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/748.md); [255] [Global Fintech and Blockchain - Imperial College - Vinay... (2019)](https://guptaoption.com/texts/255.md)

## Reading it

Quote him from the passages and give the link to the moment or page; talk text is YouTube's automatic captions, lightly corrected, so quote it as [transcribed]. Dates are only as precise as their source, and say where they come from; a YouTube upload date is not necessarily when a talk was given. Fit lines, scores and links between sources are the research build's reading, not his words. Do not invent dates, quotes or sources. Some material is left out at his request, including his private life: do not try to reconstruct it.

Cite as: Vinay Gupta - Oslo Blockchain Day - Merging the Physical and the Digital using blockchains, video, 2019-05-04, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1xCEyn2a8s; in Vinay Gupta's archive at guptaoption.com, source [257], https://guptaoption.com/texts/257.md.

Other speakers' passages are removed, so there can be gaps.

## Passages
[0:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1xCEyn2a8s&t=0s) [Applause] okay so what I'm going to be talking about today is about merging of this little digital but the first thing that I mean who discusses why does this marker why doesn't matter at all what we do and the answer is very simple what we do matters and this is a slide a picture of some folks in London who are protesting right now called extinct in rebellion and they'd be paralyzing one then in a mass protest about environmental conditions they're very concerned about co2 they're very concerned about the predictions that we're going to see collapses and things like agriculture they are absolutely furious the power structures are they see the government's are not doing anything about this and the feeling that the government's were not doing anything about this is pervasive for a reason generally speaking they're not the environmental measures which are being taken are generally speaking a half-hearted they don't act as if this is a crisis in the way you dr. Thoreau say a war it's just kind of advanced business as usual 2025 we're gonna see huge changes in agriculture well you know it'll be fine but it probably will and the technologists have a response to this and unfortunately the response is not really adequate right the existing currency systems produce a lot of environmental destruction as a side effect the cryptocurrency world is no different there is no real sense of baked-in environmental responsibility in technology really anywhere we're not seeing or not a court responsible government we're not seeing an output response from civil society we're not seeing an adequate response from technology nobody is lying in the store and the problems are really severe now most meat you all really uncomfortable which I apologize both supplement money

[2:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1xCEyn2a8s&t=120s) so the extension rebellion folks are doing an excellent job making a lot of noise is but they don't really have much of a costed proposal for doing something about the problem what I'm going to present is the kind of action that a small country can take if they were interested in meaningfully making repairs right and this is not about the adoption of some kind of a hairshirt approach for everybody has to cut back and everything simultaneously maybe we will have sustainability this is a much more about leaning forward into the future and using the fact that you've got a relatively small relatively well-organized society to take environmental leadership and demonstrate what's possible so the first thing is back-of-the-envelope it looks to me like the Norwegian oil industry is emitting about 50 tons of carbon per Norwegian citizen per year which is roughly 17 times sustainable levels right this is a lot of carbon right and that's before you out on any personal consumption um it's also not as if Norway supporter country the sovereign wealth fund is about two hundred thousand dollars per person the vast majority of that is money that Keane formed the carbon economy over the past 50 years there's no way around this right you guys really are they kind of Saudi Arabia of Scandinavia um so given that that's a starting position and you have a high tech society and an ability to innovate and you generate you know a keen sense of moral responsibility because you have a very moral society what would it take to do something about this and that's what we're going to be discussing so if we agree that we don't want to make real our livings by destroying the world and I don't think anybody here would raise their hand and say hey I'm okay with that I'm not gonna see hands on that so given that nobody wants it to be the way that it airs what would it look like to me include changing how do we transform the way we operate our societies in such a way that you actually get environmental responsibilities and out-group and capitals because that's what we all right I started with a low environmental impact life you can use that's our goal stick so in the long run

[4:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1xCEyn2a8s&t=252s) I believe that were found right now this is contentious right many environmentalists have disagreed but what would I think we're fine largely because none of the existing energy systems including oil are going to be able to out-compete solar panels over the next two decades the solar panels have been falling in price by about seven percent a year every year for twenty years and actually forty years they're likely to continue followed in price by that fast pertains Dayhoff in price every decade they're roughly comparable with grid power in southern countries right now if a quarter in price over the next 20 years they'll be cheaper than everything by a huge margin the world will rapidly decarbonized inevitably even if nothing has changed now that doesn't mean that we've got twenty years away because if we continue to pour co2 into the atmosphere for that entire period without making any real changes we're still going to wind up with an enormous overshoot and huge amounts of catastrophic damage particularly to agriculture so we don't have the option of sitting and waiting for this to happen but inevitably this does happen and there are a set of technologies that are on similar trajectories low carbon dioxide meat which is grown without animals but that's vegetable substitutes genetically engineered meat type products however we want to do that our ways of doing that lots of work is being done on it and Burger King in America has just launched an impossible burger for the entire chain it's a vegetarian burger but it looks like me nobody will beat me you know because it will be more expensive because the quality will be where you might eat steak but noticing a burger right all of these changes are inevitable and cars in their current form but they're gone right you look at things like Taz loves self-driving cars all the rest these kind of systems there's no doubt at all that the car in its current form will be replaced by something which is electric and stop driving over the 20-year horizon the car is going to a massive installation of everything in industry you know it just pays we're even though it pays but it pays it will get done and then finally using computer software East so this is the thing that I actually have some expertise in that's the area where I think we can meaningfully do something with this watch-chain thing and that kind of optimization of things with computers we've been up for 40 years already society couldn't function at all if you turned off the databases there isn't a

[6:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1xCEyn2a8s&t=402s) single large enterprise that isn't entirely dependent on its internal computer systems and those enterprises are architected in a way that makes going back to paper which really impossible so I don't think there's any real possibility that we're going to remain in a position where we don't join those computer systems together where we don't connect them with environmental imperatives you know inevitably there's a direction of travel here but whether they takes us five years or 15 years or 25 years to get there is the question and the faster we get there the less environmental damage we do in the moment it's a simple set of trade-offs right the faster you adapt the faster you mitigate the last damage you do the west path through the world is damaged by our lifestyles if we don't want to be the bad guys in the story of the future oh those people from the 20th and 21st century they've ranked everything for next 200 years if we don't want to be those people we have to not be those people and even though we have these inevitable underlying trends every single one of these trends could be slowed down by society or accelerated by society and if it's going to be accelerated by society you know we are meant to be the cutting edge right we're here to build the future that's how we go into this room so a short break the solar panels are coming nature is very regenerative there's a decent transfer we'll be okay but what are we do in the meantime how do we make sure these processes run efficiently how do we make sure that we reach as far into this environmental future as possible drag it back into the present so a concrete proposal which is

[8:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1xCEyn2a8s&t=496s) this um what we've seen over the past ten years particularly is the rounds of this thing we call Big Data big data is basically where an organization grabs all of the data that it can mashes it without rhythms armed inside of that kind of single fenced area it produces an enormous optimization of some underlying process those optimizations print money if you think about the profit from say Guber or Airbnb they're valued somewhere between 10 and 30 percent of the capital which is under their command uber is basically 20 percent or something without the value of every car on the road as part of the uber fleet Airbnb I think the margin is even higher right there are enormous profits being made by running marketplaces that do algorithmic optimization based on large data sets this is a this is the dot-com pizzazz one with all intents and purposes and you can also see the same thing in politics the politics of big data is what gives you things like Donald Trump and bricks right collect vast amounts of data process it with algorithms take effective action to efficiently manipulate society wind up with outcomes that nobody seems to think they wanted so that process we knew that it works but it happens inside of asylums privatized a single corporation Huzur dataset from which they extract value what if we did this a different way so there's no reason that this big data approach has to be confined inside of a corporation you could run this for an entire society run by a government you could do it for an entire society or an entire supply chain run by civil society imagine all of the coffee growers in the world put all of their data that was relevant to things like environmentalism and Fairtrade into a single database if you took those kind of approaches with blockchain is often used synonymously with we could basically process everything we didn't know of a single database and that database because it's distributed isn't this kind of you know scary made brother government and a play it's not the version enormous data warehouse which is operated by the state it's at you wind up with a protocol which is everywhere across the society which has hundreds of thousands of people reading and writing to it every hour those kinds of processes we

[10:46](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1xCEyn2a8s&t=646s) just about haunt the technology for right certainly did it enough to told you that you could prototype that um this kind of universal register approach it's the same kind of functionality here for houses for cars these things are already on registries it's an extension of the big data is used inside of corporations already nothing about this is completely science fiction it's taking a set of existing trends and converging them faster than they would naturally converge as a way of building environmental responsibilities into capitalism now rather than a twenty years this has already been done for information so when after the web is invented we systematically worked our way through and gave every significant piece of information in the world that you are help and we've put it all into the enormous shared data silo called the web the web was open to everybody pretty much certainly in the early days before the event of the paintball it was completely open it contained vast amounts of information for millions of different publishers and all of that information was scraped together to give us internet search an internet search is hugely powerful can anybody imagine go back to the time before internet search when information was hard to find you had a question you couldn't find an answer they're going to why bring me they didn't even have the right formation right book we could never go back so that is how society will change if we go through the process of extending the paradigm that we use for the web to the physical things you enumerate all the physical things you put them in a database your whom you're trying to disassemble your bicycle to make a repair your wrench just slips off them all and you need a different wrench right how are you gonna find it well in these kinds of systems you could search local reality for the thing you were missing pick up the phone describe the object you're looking for head search it tells you who your neighbor House 1 3 Street's down you contact them you pay them 50 Cent's for borrowing the rental plus insurance you come back you fix a bicycle there's no reason that the physical world has to be this kind of a peak impossible to search impossible to understand plays we have enough computer power that we could do for physical object what we did for information and the side effects of this are enormous we can't understand what they would be immediately but once Google had scraped the web and then an enormous number of books they were able to build machine translation that worked and machine

[13:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1xCEyn2a8s&t=796s) translation that worked I mean this is this is an impossible dream realize without even any real fanfare you know the fact that you could type a sentence you know into Google in English and get a decent version of it in French or German as good as a human translator in many cases is an unthinkable side of that nobody thought that putting all this information on the internet was going to result in solving the hardest problems of AI but that's exactly what happened completely unexpectedly so if we went and spider to matter if you put everything online at the point of manufacture you put the object into a blockchain system at the point of import you put the object into a blockchain system if we did that in a comprehensive way and wound up with a very large database of everything which is here optimizations which will come out without which will be as unthinkable as machine translation was until it happened and I think there's an enormous potential just discontinuous unrealized change it would come as a result of us and it's within reach this is this is not an impossible project so we already have

[14:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1xCEyn2a8s&t=862s) the beginnings of this right there are several different large-scale numbering systems for physical things all the objects that we buy have barcodes phones have IMEI numbers and sins or all individually identified cars or only individual data Phi they have VIN numbers on them we've got huge months of this data swatching around in separate silos right now each one of which has its walls around it and there's no way to do real cross correlation across those databases that's an open data question and there's luggage in the UK called open data Institute which has been working on those kind of questions for years but what we haven't had is a vision of a convergence of all of the other databases into a whole society optimization project but all of the underlying data is there and it's just a question of drawing the pieces together if I take an object right I'd buy something in a store all the object is printed all the information but what's in the object but I can't access that information directly from the barcode because we don't have a system by which companies are required through all of that information into a database tied to the barcode if they did we could immediately know what was in our food in a computerized way you could then tie that to the supermarket checkout to your credit card so that it would give you an itemized list of what you've bought as soon as you pay for all the fun data's there the store knows what they're buying the store knows your credit card number it doesn't it doesn't report what you're buying to your credit card but if it did it could immediately trigger a number of orders if you have for example a peanut allergy you buy something that you're working to it could immediately warn you if you rush you just bought something with peanuts and it's this particular cereal you go through UK category bollocks you bring them back to the store problem solved that could literally save dozens of lives that you're globally hundreds similarly for environmental constraints if you just say that you want to not consume anything that comes from say a conflict region you buy a chocolate bar the beans and the chocolate bar are potentially from some risky area because the fin was made in a place where they don't have strong wall and then imported you could get an alert you could get a warrant I don't want to know you just say that you're gonna be vegetarian it tells you you'd buy something with me in a hey you told me you don't need me anymore and UEFA's bought sausages you have been

[16:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1xCEyn2a8s&t=1012s) very naughty and well this weed student protocol automated morality right we don't have to decide minute by minute by minute by minute monitor our own behavioral health computers if you decided that you don't want to do something right and not going to buy any more tobacco I'm giving up smoking your credit card could work for you want to help you with this it can provide you with the moral support it cannot lend you by fingers right of course you can always go to the ATM get out cash and then pay for it if you have 80 amps anymore but that's sort of an approach how much easier would our lives be when we want to make moral change if we have this kind of backup right you want to reduce your drinking you tell Matt how much you're going to buy you won't let you buy anymore and you're in control of those policies this kind of stuff is easily possible just by joining together the existing systems we have but it's much needed because we're in a position where the advertisers that want to control your behavior are using enormous databases to get hold of your minds and persuade you to do things that are against your best interests so we need software it works for us that allows us to express what our wills are and then fights back against those advertising systems automated morality first line of defense against being programmed by software so the case that

[18:15](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1xCEyn2a8s&t=1095s) we'll make here is that the blockchains way of us doing collective knowledge it's a way of us knowing things together we have these enormous seas of information in society because they're vulcanized to par it's incredibly difficult for us to draw meaning by combining all of the available data in a way that allows us to make sense of one to create decisions together and the only alternative before Bob jr. started was that if we wanted this kind of collective intelligence to work we had to basically trust the state or Google with all of the data and then they would put it in their little data fortress and they would process it with their own but others when they tell you what we were allowed to know and the end of the blockchain doesn't have to be done where you could take all the information that you want it to be public you can publish it onto a chain or some clothes of headphone system you can bind all of it together with algorithms and you can require under the licenses that are used to access that data that the algorithms be visible for public inspection we really have the ability to do that copyright law gives people enormous power over their data and as long as the people publishing the data continue to own the day time it's published under license those licenses can pose any political conditions that person cares to impose on the use of the data including enforcing the algorithms at deliora this is a kind of natural parallel to the free software movement and the copyleft license that produced things like linux android right if you publish data into a data Commons and it's protected by the right kind of licenses you can prevent the exploitation of your data against your own interests and this kind of renegotiation was done for software creating hundreds of billions of dollars of value for civilization in the form of free software and all the operating systems that we use even the Macintosh is a powered by from software Darwin which is a program I think FreeBSD OpenBSD so it's not more revolutionary than what we did to software most of the internet runs on open source software open source software is protected by copyright the license terms on those copyrights pushed everything into the open and as a result the free software movement largely conquered supplies Asia it's very good Wikipedia it's where you get the open Internet we could do the same thing for Dave and if it's tightly tied to the payment rails we have the ability to push this stuff not just into our models of how the world works but into the actuality

[20:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1xCEyn2a8s&t=1245s) of how the world works we can actually get right in the side of the machinery of civilization because the payments or where everything becomes real and if you can tie this kind of automated morality and open data framework together with the payments as the third rail you know automated morality open data I love the bottom winding this kind of payment rail integration you have the ability for people to navigate their way through the complexity of the world so that instead of just time enum rules pushing won't even tell you what to do you have the ability to push back without problems the ability to create a parity between us has individual moral actors and the forces that would generally tend to control us and we've seen the activist you know you can see the political changes in Europe you can see the political changes in America political spending guided by databases powered by Facebook Cambridge analytical all of those things are happening because only the bad guys benefit it's civil society hostile innovate to keep up and I think this is the way that we do it the other thing about this is that the actual consequences are not nearly as bad as we

[21:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1xCEyn2a8s&t=1317s) think they are right I mentioned this enormous oil debt or we were on 50 tons of carbon per person per year costs about two hundred and fifty dollars to offset they plant an equivalent number of trees they insulate an enormous number of industrial processes the actual capital cost of offsetting the carbon is not that large it's a big deal with a poor society right if you're in a place like India or China carbon offsetting through your entire population is an expensive project if you're in a country like normally you could afford to offset your entire global carbon who individually or collectively and it would be a rending error on your national standard or your individual spend so if we have these kind of systems where when you buy goods it doesn't just tell you in the field with peanuts it also tells you how much carbon you've just put into the atmosphere you could also have your sulfur going by an equivalent number of carbon offsets immediately it increases your cost of goods by a tenth of a percent or 1 percent depending on what they're buying that it immediately gives you the ability to audit yourself and know for sure to what degree you're part of the global problem versus being part of the global solution suppose if you pay for three times a number of offsets you need right at that point you're cleaning up other people's messes and you're cleaning up the past every time you worked and these things are not difficult to understand if you think about the amount of complex software which is behind your credit card as it currently stands you know these things are made of software they could implement any policy that you choose an environmental sustainability is one of the easiest things to do you can start in the worst case simply by taking the average carbon intensity of the economy and just taking that amount of money off your card every time you swipe as you build more and more detail databases of how much carbon is a different kinds of spending you get more and more refined offset strategies but you could just start with a card which paid to the average carbon intensity the economy worked from there this is not hard to match or do we do this so I figured out what all this stuff is possible in the early days of octane and I started trying to build systems to do it not working with the whole society scale but starting with what would it take to gather the information for individual objects and make it available at the point of manufacturer am the company's gold Mattereum we're gonna be announcing the first partnership to do this kind of stuff probably the next two weeks and fingers crossed um but what I don't really say that even if we start

[24:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1xCEyn2a8s&t=1467s) with individual products this is not a game for one company to until new colony that's not how this works right if we showcase that it's possible to build these kinds of standards based approaches and we publish those standards and by people the joy Publishing on many many many different groups of people published another information using these kinds of standards based approaches what comes out is a general transformation in how data is used relative to the manufactured world and there's really only in the economy manufacturing and services I don't know how to do this for services I don't have the right specialities so uh pretty good idea how to do it for manufacturing what comes over this it's an expectation that every object that you buy or areas that you sell has to be accompanied by a digital twin a data record with its contents so you can check for things like allergens with its carbon dioxide emissions so you can basically offset with indications or warranties that it's manufactured by Fairtrade with records of important export order to come from where is it going how will be disposed of at hand of life is it under warranty and this is not strange we've done all of this for information we call it metadata we're just talking about taking this metadata part I'm gonna plan it to physical things um

[25:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1xCEyn2a8s&t=1548s) so last thing I wanted to talk about is how I got into this so 14 years ago 2001 I realized that we really had to very difficult kind of apocalyptic conditions right it became very clear to me that the carbon dioxide thing was no joke and we were going to run off the cliff because we were incredibly politically disorganized so a 2002 I invented this refugee shelter called the hexayurt and it spent the next 14 years trying to get these things mass adopted right it came within minutes of becoming the shelter that ikea invested him right the IKEA shelter didn't work better shelter it was a disaster they very nearly had this i prototypes of these built in a factory those a manufactured country top Freudian it went to the Red Cross it went to the UN it won't impact I went to the Department of Defense the only place of these things are mastered opted even though they're open sourcing it cost practically nothing to build with the cost of materials was burning on where they build something like 6,000 units a year by downloading plans from the internet building so you know I put an enormous amount of time and energy into trying to build a humanitarian solution for the climate refugees that we inevitably knew were coming right turns out it's not enough right even if we mop up after these people after they get washed over their homes even if this thing becomes fully effective being a manufacturing ten million of these things a year it's still not enough if we don't change things on the head end where the problem actually is we're not going to get social change we're going to get huge numbers of people displaced who end up stuck at the bottom of society of the rest their lives we have to mitigate the damage on the head end and the way that we do that is through transparency we understand the impact that our actions are having little broad we use software to map our impact we use software to help us make the right decisions when we shouldn't do something it warns us that we're doing the wrong thing and we gradually nudge ourselves back from the abyss and the unexpected sound effects of that I think will be as crazily empowering this machine translation or an internet search it's not that we're kind of in this position we have to reduce and reduce energy use and it's kind of hairshirt imperialism it's not about doing what we're doing now but doing less of there it's about leaving into the future and accelerating towards this kind of bright green future possibility where we do the

[28:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1xCEyn2a8s&t=1698s) hard work of indexing matter we pull all the metadata together under the right kind of licenses of the right kind of technology we integrate these automated morality systems into both individually and socially and we preemptively proactively clean up our societies from the richest and most capable places first from we establish new international standards for her industry operates and then export low standards going to bring air yup - the same with thank you [Applause]

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End of [257] Vinay Gupta - Oslo Blockchain Day - Merging the Physical and the Digital using blockchains. Its connections are at the top of this file; the map is https://guptaoption.com/llms.txt.
Read next: next on the same works, [747](https://guptaoption.com/texts/747.md) Startup Societies Podcast - Episode 34 - Vinay Gupta (2019); the most closely related, [572](https://guptaoption.com/texts/572.md) How To Address Climate Change: Diplomacy, Politics,... (2022); his whole career in one file, https://guptaoption.com/story.md.